WINDOWS
Tall and narrow, short and wide, single-paned or multiple-paned - the Village's variety of window designs reflects not only architectural trends, but also technological changes in glassmaking. In the early 1800s, large panes of glass were rare; builders used windows with many small panes of glass until the mid-1800s when glassmakers developed the technology to produce larger-sized sheet glass.

The earliest story-and-a-half cottages had windows with up to six small panes per sash. Some cottages still have their original six-over-six sash. The majority of cottages, however, have two-over-two or one-over-one sash because most Village buildings date from about the 1860s on.

Virtually all windows are double-hung; as Drawing 15 shows, both the upper and lower sash move vertically in the frame. The exceptions are storefront display windows and some casement gable windows in story-and-a-half cottages.

The Italianate style, with its emphasis on vertical proportions, became popular during the 1860s and mushroomed in the 1870s and 1880s. The tall, narrow two-over-two sash typical of this style have the same proportions as the window openings. See photo 20.

Later Queen Anne structures - as well as other buildings of the 1880s on - usually have one-over-one sash. Many of these buildings feature large single-paned picture windows facing the street. These windows commonly have counterweights and can be opened. Often they have fixed arched or rectangular transom windows, some of which contain leaded glass.

Commercial buildings generally have one or more large display windows to provide light and a showplace for merchandise. Upper story windows usually are very plain and simple with one-over-one or two-over-two sash.

Recommendations
1. Surviving older or original wood window sash should be preserved. They should be repaired, if necessary, to make them sound and tight. Even if existing windows are not original, they may be significant enough to warrant preservation.

2. Deteriorated pieces of wooden window sash or framing should be replaced in kind-with new wooden pieces of the same dimensions and appearance.

3. If existing windows are too deteriorated to repair, wooden replacement windows of one-over-one or two-over-two configuration are the most desirable and should be installed in the existing frame or casing (that is, replace only the sash). Any replacements should duplicate the appearance of the existing windows as closely as possible-in number of panes, thickness of muntins, thickness of sash sides and rails, and profiles and details of framing members (if these, too, must be replaced). Multiple-paned sash such as six-over-six should be used only if physical or photographic evidence exists showing that such sash were used in the building in the past.

4. To improve energy efficiency, storm windows are appropriate to use. Traditional wooden fixed or removable storms are appropriate; or modern triple-track units may be installed. In either case, it is important that the storm window color match the existing trim color. Aluminum storms should be painted rather than using bare metallic aluminum. Also, the storm windows should have the same divisions as the windows being covered: double-hung sash should be covered with two-part storms divided at the point where the windows' meeting rails fall. Single fixed windows, such as in gables, can be covered with a single-frame storm. In some cases, existing older window sash are thick enough to be reglazed with double thickness insulated glass, rather than being replaced with new insulated windows; but try storm windows first.

5. Avoid using applied, snap-in, or sandwich-type (between two panes of glass) muntins. If real "through-the-glass" muntins such as those shown in Drawing 16 cannot be used, then the windows should be of one-over-one design.

6. Avoid enlarging or downsizing any existing window openings. Replacement windows should be made to fit the openings and not vice versa.